Working Paper 01March 2026·14 pages·CC BY 4.0
Exposed by Design
SCADA, ICS, and the Cyber Vulnerability of Pakistan's Power Grid
Pakistan's electricity infrastructure presents a Tier-1 national security exposure. Legacy SCADA/ICS, weak IT/OT separation, and a fragmented institutional response leave the grid open to the same classes of attack already proven against grids abroad.
Murtaza Asim Shehzad · DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.17302.72004
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